Yeast, pseudomycetoma grains, and fungal hyphae may also be noticed ( 2). Delays in appropriate antimicrobial therapy and workup for the primary underlying cause lead to perpetuation of the condition and increase the scarring potential, so the diagnostic and therapeutic effort should be maximal during the early phases of investigation in cases of pododermatitis.ĭirect impression cytology provides the clinician with information regarding the presence or absence of neutrophils, other inflammatory cells, and phagocytosed bacteria ( 2, 11). Response to cytology and culture-based antimicrobial therapy should be assessed and usually forms part of the diagnostic workup. Fungal culture and skin biopsy may follow the initial workup, or may be pursued as part of the initial diagnostic workup based on the initial differential list. With the recent advent of drug-resistant strains of staphylococci causing secondary pyoderma, empirical use of systemic antibiotic therapy is discouraged in the absence of confirmed presence of bacterial infection. Nail bed squamous cell carcinoma, epitheliotrophic lymphomaĪlongside careful history taking and physical examination, basic dermatologic tests such as examination of deep skin scrapings or hair plucks ( 10), skin cytology, and bacterial culture and sensitivity should be pursued. Sterile interdigital pyogranulomatous pododermatitisįoreign body pododermatitis (plants, wood splinters, nail, thorn, foxtails, wood slivers)įamilial paw pad hyperkeratosis, lethal acrodermatitis of bull terriers Pemphigus foliaceus, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, adverse cutaneous drug reaction, lymphocytic plasmacytic pododermatitis Parasitic (demodicosis, trobiculiasis, hookworm dermatitis, Pelodera dermatitis, tick infestation)Ītopic dermatitis, cutaneous adverse food reaction, contact dermatitis, flea allergy dermatitis Superficial fungal (dermatophytosis, Malassezia, candidiasis)ĭeep fungal (phaeohyphomycosis, sporotrichosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis) This characteristic suggests the possibility that weight bearing, especially in a heavy dog, might be more likely to be distributed to haired interdigital skin adjacent to digital pads, leading to plantar paw trauma and irritation.ĭeep pyoderma and furunculosis (actinomycosis, actinobacillosis, nocardiosis, mycobacteriosis) Another study ( 3) suggested that Labradors had wide-based paws with greater distance between pads, compared with Greyhound dogs, predisposing them to paw disease ( 8). One report ( 7) suggested that the flat foot and the scoop-shaped web of breeds such as the Pekingese and some terriers predispose the area to folliculitis and pedal dermatitis. The feet are subject to a great variety and intensity of trauma, the front feet more so than the rear ( 2– 5). Trauma or underlying pruritic disease can lead to intense licking of the paws, which heightens the paw irritation. The age, breed ( 2, 3), body and paw conformation ( 3, 4), presence of additional clinical symptoms, chronicity ( 3, 5), and the number of paws affected ( 6) are factors that should be evaluated in order to establish a diagnostic and treatment approach. With few variations, the clinical findings related exclusively to the paws can appear to be the same despite the various underlying conditions. Due to the numerous potential underlying causes and progression of pododermatitis due to external trauma or secondary infections, it is important to thoroughly evaluate each patient presenting with pododermatitis. Pododermatitis is not a diagnosis, rather a clinical presentation, which may or may not be accompanied by other dermatologic or systemic clinical symptoms. Also called pedal folliculitis and furunculosis, the condition is complex, multifactorial, and may be frustrating to diagnose and treat ( 2). Lesions can spontaneously resolve, wax and wane, or may persist indefinitely ( 1). Cases of canine pododermatitis are common in general practice. Affected tissues may include interdigital spaces, footpads, nail folds (paronychia), and nails. Pododermatitis is defined as inflammation of the skin of the paw.
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